An Examination of Nurses' Awareness and Management of Hepatitis C in Hospital Settings at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital
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Background of the Study
Hepatitis C is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is a major public health concern in many countries, particularly in regions like sub-Saharan Africa, where the prevalence of hepatitis C is high. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 70 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C, with many unaware of their condition due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease in its early stages (Kanu et al., 2023). Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily through blood-to-blood contact, making healthcare settings particularly vulnerable to the spread of the virus, especially if proper infection control measures are not adhered to (Ogunleye et al., 2024).
Nurses play a critical role in the management and prevention of hepatitis C transmission in hospital settings, particularly in the areas of screening, patient education, and adherence to infection control protocols. Their awareness and knowledge of hepatitis C, as well as their ability to implement effective management strategies, are crucial to preventing further spread and ensuring timely treatment of infected individuals. At Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, nurses are expected to be well-informed about the disease, its transmission, and the necessary precautions to prevent transmission during patient care (Sani et al., 2024).
However, challenges remain in terms of nurses' awareness and consistent management of hepatitis C, as insufficient training and a lack of resources may limit their ability to effectively address the disease. This study aims to examine the level of nurses' awareness of hepatitis C and evaluate their management strategies in the hospital setting.
Statement of the Problem
Although hepatitis C is a preventable and treatable condition, the high prevalence and inadequate awareness of the disease in healthcare settings continue to pose significant risks, particularly in low-resource settings like Nigeria. Nurses play an integral role in hepatitis C prevention and management, but gaps in their knowledge, training, and adherence to infection control protocols may contribute to suboptimal care and increased transmission. This study seeks to assess the level of awareness and management practices of nurses regarding hepatitis C at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, identify challenges they face, and suggest improvements to enhance their capacity to manage the disease effectively.
Objectives of the Study
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To assess nurses' level of awareness of hepatitis C and its management at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital.
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To examine the role of nurses in preventing and managing hepatitis C in the hospital setting.
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To identify barriers to effective management and suggest strategies to improve nurses' practices in managing hepatitis C.
Research Questions
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What is the level of awareness of hepatitis C among nurses at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital?
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How do nurses manage patients with hepatitis C in hospital settings?
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What challenges do nurses face in managing hepatitis C, and what strategies can be implemented to overcome them?
Research Hypotheses
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Nurses with higher levels of education and training in hepatitis C management are more likely to effectively manage patients with the disease.
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There is a significant relationship between the availability of resources and nurses' ability to manage hepatitis C effectively in hospital settings.
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Nurses' adherence to infection control protocols is positively correlated with the prevention of hepatitis C transmission in hospital settings.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on nurses working in various departments at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, particularly those involved in the care of patients with hepatitis C or at risk of infection. It will assess their awareness, knowledge, and management practices regarding the disease. The study will not address the perceptions of patients or the clinical outcomes of hepatitis C treatment.
Definitions of Terms
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Hepatitis C: A viral infection that affects the liver, potentially leading to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.
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Infection Control Protocols: Procedures designed to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings, particularly in relation to bloodborne diseases like hepatitis C.
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Nurses' Management: The process of providing care for hepatitis C patients, including diagnosis, treatment, patient education, and infection control measures.
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